Present
Perfect Tense
c) Present Perfect Tense: An action that
has taken place just before a while is called Present Perfect Tense. There
certainly be no mentioning of any time. If any time is mentioned, the sentence
will be a Past Tense.
Affirmative
Sentence
Rule:
Subject + have / has + verb (past participle) + extension.
For example,
I have done
better in the final examination. He has just
taken his breakfast. I have already
passed B.A. Honours. He has been ill since
last week. I have known him for a
long time.
Note: The Time Adverb
used in this tense: just, just now, recently, currently, yet already, lately,
never, ever, so far, till now, today, this week, this month, since, for, not
yet,
Negative
Sentence
Rule:
subject + have / has + not + verb (past participle) + extension
For example,
I have never
gone to China. He has not yet helped me.
Interrogative
Sentence
Rule:
Have / has + subject + verb (past participle) + extension + ?
For example,
Have you ever
been to the Philippines? Has she fed her baby?
Note: The 3rd Person Singular Number takes ‘has’ and the rest take ‘have’.
Present
Perfect Continuous Tense
d) Present Perfect Continuous
Tense: An action that started in the past and continues till now is
called Present Perfect Continuous Tense. Here we use ‘since’ and ‘for’.
Affirmative
Sentence
Rule:
Subject + have / has + been + verb + ing + extension + since / for + time
expression
For example,
It has been
raining since mid-night. They have been writing down a note for three hours.
The
use of ‘Since’
a) Since (the point of time): Morning, last day, last Monday,
last year, last night, year(1986), time (9.00 am), mid-night,
For example,
Borney has been
studying at Dhaka University since 2006.
It has been raining since mid-night.
The
use of ‘For’
b) For (the period of time /
duration of an action / number): One second, two minutes, three hours,
four days, five months, six years, seven decades.
For example,
I have been
learning English for eleven years.
Mr. David has
been treating her for three months.
Negative
Sentence
Rule:
Subject + have / has + not + been + verb + ing + extension.
For example,
Nasim has not
been listening to me for five minutes. They have not been trying since 2011.
Interrogative
Sentence
Rule:
Have / has + subject + been + verb + ing + extension + ?
For example,
Have I been
learning English since 2002?
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