Tense
The word ‘Tense’ is coined from the Latin word ‘Tempus’ which means time. So in brief, we can say that Tense deals
with the time of an action or event. Tense can be classified into 3 (three)
major divisions as:
a) Present Tense
b) Past Tense
c) Future Tense
All the three major Tenses can be
classified into 12 (twelve) sub-divisions:
Present Tense
|
Past Tense
|
Future Tense
|
Present
Simple Tense
Present Continuous tense Present Perfect Tense Present Perfect Continuous tense |
Past Simple
Tense
Past Continuous tense Past Perfect Tense Past Perfect Continuous Tense |
Future
Simple Tense
Future Continuous tense Future Perfect Tense Future Perfect Continuous Tense |
Person is of
three kinds:
a) First Person b)
Second Person c) Third Person
1st Person
|
2nd
Person
|
3rd
Person
|
I, We
|
You, Your
|
He, she, it, Shorna, they, father,
development, honesty, paper, furniture, money, book, sincerity
|
Note: All nouns around us are 3rd Person except 1st
Person and 2nd Person.
Number is of two
kinds:
a) Singular
Number (GK
ePb)
b) Plural Number (eü ePb)
Present Indefinite Tense
a) Present Indefinite Tense: The action that takes place any time in the present is called
Present Indefinite Tense.
Affirmative
Sentence
Rule:
Subject + verb (present) + extension
For example,
I eat rice. (1st Person). He
goes to school. (3rd Person)
Note: If the subject is
3rd Person Singular Number, the verb takes ‘s/es’ after it.
For example,
I rise up from
sleep at 6.30 am everyday. He often meets me at school.
Note: There are some Time Adverbs that we often use in
Present Indefinite Tense. They are as following: Generally, often, usually,
frequently, normally, sometimes, occasionally, daily, everyday, always,
regularly,
Adding
‘s’/ ‘es’
Rule 1: If any verb
ends with ch, ss, o, sh, x and z, we add ‘es’ with the verb.
For example,
Mr. John teaches me English. Alex possesses a car.
Borney goes to university everyday. My teacher often punishes me. He always foxes me easily.
Rule 2: If any verb
ends with ‘y’ and the ‘y’ precedes a vowel (a, e, i, o, u), we add only ‘s’ with the verb.
For example,
The boy sometimes plays table tennis.
Rule 3: If any verb
ends with ‘y’ and the ‘y’ precedes a consonant, we add ‘i’ in the place of ‘y’ and then we add ‘es’. (i + es)
For example,
The bird flies in the sky. (fly) Borney tries to help me. (try)
We use Present Indefinite Tense in the
following cases:
a) The universal truth: The earth moves
round the sun. The sun rises in the east.
b) The habitual fact: He takes tea three
times a day.
c) In the proverbs: As you sow, so you
reap. It is easy to say but difficult to do. Where there is a will, there is a
way.
d) Quotation by poets / authors /
novelists / dramatists:
John Keats says,
“Beauty is truth, truth is beauty.
Francis Bacon says,
“It is a prince’s part to pardon.”
Soul Bellow says,
“Past is no good to us, future is full of anxiety and present is true, now
seize the day.”
William
Shakespeare says, “Life is a tale told by an idiot.”
e) Factual truth / natural truth: Borney
is his sister. It is hot in the summer.
Interrogative
Sentence
Rule:
Do/does + Subject + verb + extension + Interrogation mark (?)
For example,
Does he go to
school regularly?
What do you
want? Why do they often come here? Why do they go there everyday?
Where does he
work? Why do they swim? Why do we eat?
Remember: If the subject
is 1st Person/ 2nd Person/ 3rd Person Plural,
we use ‘do’ in an Interrogative
Sentence. Otherwise, we should use ‘does’.
So if the subject is 3rd Person Singular Number, it takes ‘does’ after it.
Negative
Sentence
Rule:
Subject + do/does + not + verb (present) + extension
For example,
I do not look
down upon the poor. He does not go to university regularly.
Note: If the subject is 3rd person, we use
‘does not’ and in other cases, we
use ‘do not’
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